As the good old saying goes ...

It's better to take active steps in preventing disease, versus having to treat the disease. Of course, there are some conditions that cannot be prevented, such as some hereditary and congenital issues. But, in general, there are many than can and should be prevented. 

So what can you, as the pet paren, to keep your furry, feathered or scaly family members healthy? 
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• Regular Veterinary Visits: at a minimum every 12 months. However, older animals or ones that have ongoing medical problems may need to be seen more frequently. Animals are great at hiding signs of illness. By the time they are showing obvious clinical signs, the disease is typically advanced., This is why it is critical to visit the veterinarian on a regular schedule. Through the physical exam as well as specific diagnostic tests, we may be able to pick up early disease before the clinical signs even start! As such, we may be able to prevent an issue from progressing or help to slow it down. Thus, not only increasing longevity put more importantly, improving your pet's quality of life! No-one likes to feel sick!
• A healthy diet:  this is highly variable, depending on the species of animal as well as any underlying medical issues they may have. As a general rule, the fresher the food the better. Also, feeding the right amount is critical to prevent under and overfeeding. Did you know that over 56% of dogs and more than 60% of cats in the USA are overweight or obese? Because fat is an endocrine organ, excess fat and obesity have been linked to numerous medical issues, including but not limited to diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, skin disease and even cancer!
• Unlimited fresh purified water: as you probably already know, water is essential for life. By offering filtered water, we are ensuring that our pets are not getting any excess toxins. 
• Regular exercise: sorry, but a big backyard for your dog to run around in just doesn't cut it. I have the whole neighborhood to run around in, but I'd rather sit down and relax. Dogs need structured walks and regular playtime/interaction with. their humans. Cats need things to climb on, some will run on exercise wheels and many enjoy playing with cat wands or chasing laser pointers. Birds should be allowed time out of their cages for free flight/exercise. 
• Oral Care: just like humans, dogs and cats should have their teeth brushed daily (at least once), if this is nor possible, alternatives include pet approved water additives and dental chews. Check out this link to see a video on how to brush your pet's teeth.. Other species, such as rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas have continuously growing teeth and need lots of fresh hay to keep them clean and trim. Birds do not have teeth, but instead can get overgrown beaks, that may need trimming by a veterinarian.
• Vaccines: Vaccines are a crucial step in preventing very serious diseases, some of which can be fatal and/or can even be spread to humans.  The recommended vaccines will vary based on the animal species and their lifestyle. Some animals don't receive routine vaccines, such as most companion birds, rodents, reptiles and amphibians. 
• Parasite Control: to prevent fleas, ticks, intestinal worms and heart worm. It's best to discuss the right products with your veterinarian. Certain products can be dangerous if used in any other species than what they are intended for, other preventatives may not be the best choice if an animal has certain underlying medical issues. 
• Supplements: certain supplements can be very helpful in keeping your pets healthy. For example, dogs and cats can benefit from a daily Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation. Omega 3 fatty acids help to protect the heart, support healthy skin and coat, decrease inflammation in the body, help slow down the progression of kidney disease, aid arthritic joints, improve neurologic development and cognitive function and lower blood triglyceride levels. Other supplements can also be helpful depending on individual needs.
• Grooming: involves regular bathing, brushing and nail trims. For our furry companions, brushing helps to stimulate the production and distribution of natural oils on the skin and it removes dead skin and hair, in turn promoting a healthy coat. Sharp or overgrown nails may need trimming to allow comfortable walking as well and prevent nail breakage/bleeding and trauma to the pet or pet parent. In addition, birds should. bathe/shower 1-2 x per week even in the winter months. It is important for the health of their feathers, skin, and sinuses. Many reptiles can benefit from weekly warm water soaks to ensure adequate. hydration.  
• Environment:
  • ​Clean
  • Adequate temperature/humidity; this is especially important for ectothermic animals (reptiles), who rely on environmental head sources to keep their bodies warm. The following websites have a wealth of information on exotic animal care including advice on the proper temperature, humidity, lighting and diet. 
    • Lafeber-vet (most exotic animal species)
    • Association of Avian Veterinarians (birds only)
    • Anapsid (reptiles only)
    • San Diego Turtle and Tortoise Society
    • Association of Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians
  • ​Clean safe air to breathe: Avoid using any scented diffusers or strong smelling/scented products around your pets, they can be extremely sensitive to these, in particular birds, cats and small mammals. The fumes emitted by teflon and some other non-stick cookware can be fatal to birds. 
  • Proper perches (birds): made of non-toxic wood of variable diameters will allow the bird to use ones that are most comfortable for them and will prevent development of pressure sores. 
  • Predator proof
  • A good night's sleep: complete darkness (especially important for birds) and a comfortable bed
  • Safe place/hiding place: this is especially. important in homes. with children or other animals. Each animal. should. have a place that is quiet that they can go and not be disturbed. This is also important for guinea pigs. and many reptiles who like to hide or bury themselves.  
  • Environmental enrichment: involves creating a place that encourages physical activity and mental stimulation. Large enough, regular walks, toys, social opportunities, flight, training, etc.